Two new prenylated 2-arylbenzofurans from roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus and their anti-respiratory burst activities / 中国中药杂志

Two prenylated 2-arylbenzofurans were isolated from roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus, with a combination of various chromatographic approaches, including ODS, MCI, Sephadex LH-20, and semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). They were identified as 5-[6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,7-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzofuran-2-yl]-1,3-benzenediol(1) and 5-[2H,9H-2,2,9,9-tetramethyl-furo[2,3-f]pyrano[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6-yl]-1,3-benzenediol(2) with spectroscopic methods, such as HR-ESI-MS, IR, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR, and named artoheterins B(1) and C(2), respectively. The anti-respiratory burst activities of the two compounds were evaluated with rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMNs) stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA). The results showed that 1 and 2 exhibited significant inhibitory effect on respiratory burst of PMNs with IC_(50) values of 0.27 and 1.53 μmol·L~(-1), respectively.

Effects and influencing factors of vestibular rehabilitation in 171 cases / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the effect of vestibular rehabilitation and to identify factors that can affect rehabilitation outcomes. Methods: From December 2018 to October 2020, patients who underwent vestibular rehabilitation in the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University were prospectively followed up. A battery of vestibular function examinations and psychological status evaluations were applied before and after rehabilitation initiation. The main outcomes were vertigo/dizziness and unsteadiness, measured by visual analogue scale (VAS); Secondary outcomes were daily activities and participation, assessed by vestibular activities and participation measure (VAP). Paired t-test was used to compare the effects before and after rehabilitation. Binary logistic regressions were applied to analyze the influencing factors of rehabilitation outcomes. Results: A total sample of 171 patients was followed up regularly with a median time of 11 months. Of the 171 patients evaluated, 72 were males and 99 were females; age ranged from 10 to 89 years old with a median age of 55 years old. At 6-month follow-up, the difference of VAS score of vertigo/dizziness and unsteadiness pre-post rehabilitation was 1.79±1.80 and 1.56±1.76, respectively; The difference of activity and participation domain of VAP score was 2.51±13 and 1.27±3.75, respectively. All differences pre-post rehabilitation exhibited statistically significant with P values<0.01. Regression analysis demonstrated that the length of symptom onset was a significant predictor of poor balance recovery (OR=6.52; 95%CI:2.10, 20.27). Visual dependence (OR=5.44; 95%CI: 1.38, 21.47) and suspectable anxiety (OR=6.45; 95%CI: 1.49, 28.30) were identified as risk factors for poor recovery of vertigo/dizziness. Conclusions: Vestibular rehabilitation effectively reduces dizziness, promotes balance, and improves the function of daily activities. Time from the onset, visual dependence and suspectable anxiety are the main factors hindering a desirable rehabilitation outcome.

Prenylated flavonoids from the roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus / 药学学报

Ten isoprenylated flavonoids were isolated from 95% ethanol extraction of Artocarpus heterophyllus, with a combination of various chromatographic approaches, including ODS, MCI, CHP-20 P, Sephadex LH-20 and high performance liquid chromatography. On the basis of physic-chemical characters and spectroscopic data analysis, these compounds were identified as artoheteroid E (1), cycloheterophyllin (2), artelastoxanthone (3), artoindonesianin Q (4), cudraflavone C (5), 8-(γ,γ-dimethylallyl)-5,2',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (6), kuwanon T (7), 6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) apigenin (8), 5,7,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-6-(3-methylbut-3-enyl) flavone (9), albanin A (10). Among them, compound 1 is a new one, while compounds 2-4 were isolated for the first time from the plant of Artocarpus heterophyllus. All isolated compounds were screened for their inhibitory abilities against cathepsin K. Of them, compounds 3-5, 7 and 10 showed inhibitory effects with the IC50 values of 0.9, 1.6, 4.5, 24.5 and 63.5 μmol·L-1, respectively.

Simultaneous determination of five constituents in Baishao Formula Granules by HPLC / 中成药

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of five constituents in Baishao Formula Granules (Paeoniae Radix Alba).METHODS The analysis of aqueous extract of this drug was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Phenomenex C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.05％ phosphoric acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 230 nm.RESULTS Paeoniflorin,albiflorin,paeoniflorin sulfonate,gallic acid and benzoic acid showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 0.020-0.639 mg/mL (r =0.999 8),0.005-0.172 mg/mL (r =0.999 9),0.020-0.652 mg/mL (r =1.000 0),0.003-0.097 mg/mL (r =0.999 8),0.002-0.058 mg/mL (r =0.999 7),whose average recoveries were 99.1％,98.3％,98.6％,98.1％ and 99.5％ with the RSDs of 1.86％,1.37％,1.69％,1.46％ and 2.26％,respectively.The contents of various constituents in twenty-seven batches of samples demonstrated obvious differences.CONCLUSION We should pay attention to Paeoniae Radix Alba in Baishao Formula Granules due to its unstable quality.

Multi-center study on the treatment for intermediate and high-frequency sudden sensorineural hearing loss / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the therapeutic effect of treatment for intermediate and high-frequency sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective clinical multicentre research was conducted using international standardized approach of clinical research. SSNHL Cases with intermediate and high-frequency hearing loss, that accepted no medication from onset of hearing loss within two weeks duration and ages ranged between 18 and 65, were collected. All patients were treated by one of four treatments plans chosen by unified random table.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>141 patients with intermediate and high-frequency SSNHL were recruited in the research. Twenty subjects were treated with lidocaine, 21 cases with lidocaine and hormone, 40 cases with Ginaton, and 60 cases with Ginaton and hormone. 42 out of 141 (29.79%) patients were total recovery, 24 (17.02%)achieved excellent recovery, 27 (19.15%)achieved partial recovery, and 48 (34.04%) were ineffective. The total effective rate was 65.96%. In lidocaine group, the total effective rate was 55.00%, 66.67% in lidocaine and hormone group, 67.50% in Ginaton group, and 68.33% in Ginaton and hormone group. Considering the total effective rate, there was no statistical difference between four groups (P > 0.05). However, the recovery rate in Ginaton group was significant difference comparing with that in lidocaine group (P = 0.0496). 119 had concomitant symptom of tinnitus, and the tinnitus was improved in patients of 81.51%. With regard to total effective rate of tinnitus in four treatment groups, it was 57.89% (11/19) in lidocaine group, 100.00% (18/18) in lidocaine and hormone group, 88.57% (31/35) in Ginaton group, 78.72% (37/47) in Ginaton and hormone group. There was significant ascendancy in lidocaine and hormone group versus that in lidocaine group (P = 0.002) and Ginaton and hormone group (P = 0.029). And the difference between lidocaine and Ginaton groups was statistical significance (χ(2) = 6.705, P < 0.05). In 43 patients with muffled symptom in aural region, 90.70% was partial recovery. There was no statistical difference between each groups (χ(2) = 5.97,P = 0.74). There were 17 with dizziness or vertigo improved in all cases. Another 10 patients accompanied other complaints all improved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>for the treat of intermediate and high-frequency SSNHL, the therapeutic effect in hearing has no significantly different between single and combined drug therapies. Considering the recovery rate, there is an obvious advantage in Ginaton group compared with lidocaine group. Tinnitus is the major concomitant symptom in intermediate and high-frequency SSNHL, and lidocaine and hormone therapy should be used.</p>

Expression of human beta-defensin-2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with CD1a(+) dendritic cells infiltrating in tumor / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of human beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and reveal the immune significance of HBD-2 in LSCC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of HBD-2 and the infiltration of CD1a(+) dendritic cells were verified by immunohistochemistry strept actividin-biotin complex (SABC) method in thirty-four cases of LSCC's paraffin sections, and the expression of HBD-2 mRNA was detected in eighteen cases of postoperative tumor specimens and five cases of normal paracarcinoma tissue using cDNA probe by in situ hybridization. Based on the type and characteristic of datas, SPSS13.0 program package was used for statistical calculation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The difference of expression of HBD-2 was significant among the grades of malignant cell differentiation (F = 6.809, P < 0.05), the expression of HBD-2 in well differentiated group was significantly increased compared with moderately and poorly differentiated group (P < 0.05), there wasn't significant difference with the clinical type, T status and lymphatic metastasis in the expression of HBD-2. (2) The difference of expression of HBD-2 mRNA among different grades of malignant cell differentiation was significant (F = 16.391, P < 0.05), less or no positive signal was observed in poorly differentiated group. (3) The infiltration of CD1a(+) dendritic cells had positive correlation with the expression of HBD-2 (r = 0.343, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of HBD-2 was related to the grade of malignant cell differentiation in LSCC, which was regulated at the level of transcription and translation. HBD-2 might play a role in anti-tumor immunity by chemo-attractiving and activating of immature dendritic cells.</p>

Human leucocyte antigen-DR expression on CD(14)(+) monocytes and its relationships with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in severe sepsis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the changes of CD(14)(+) monocyte human leucocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) and their relationship with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in severe sepsis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-one patients with a definite diagnosis of severe sepsis in the intensive care unit (ICU) were included. CD(14)(+) monocyte HLA-DR levels were detected by flow cytometry on the first, 4th and 7th days of the study, and Marshall scores and prognosis on day 28 were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty-four patients died within 28 days following the onset with a mortality rate of 37.4%. Persistently lowered levels of HLA-DR were detected and significantly increased Marshall scores were found in the fatal cases at all the time points (P<0.001). In the surviving patients, the levels of HLA-DR were significantly increased (P<0.01) and Marshall scores were gradually decreased (P<0.001). During the observation period, the levels of HLA-DR decreased significantly as the number of dysfunctional organs and Marshall scores increased (P<0.001). The levels of HLA-DR were significantly increased in severe sepsis patients with 2-4 dysfunctional organs and Marshall score of 5-12 (P<0.05 or P<0.001). No changes in HLA-DR levels in severe sepsis patients with 5-6 dysfunctional organs and Marshall scores of 13-22. The levels of HLA-DR showed a significant inverse correlation to Marshall scores (r=-0.368, P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In patients with severe sepsis, persistent low CD(14)(+) monocyte HLA-DR levels predicts high mortality. The levels of HLA-DR are significantly correlated to the severity of organ dysfunction.</p>

Quantitative study of effects of cinnamaldehyde on levels of endotoxin in root canals in rats' periapical periodontitis model / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide experimental evidence for the exploitation of cinnamaldehyde as a kind of root canal disinfectant through studying the effect of cinnamaldehyde on endotoxin in root canals.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This experimental model of periapical periodontitis was established with Wistar rats. The 75 rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: Group of cinnamaldehyde, group of formaldehyde cresol formocresol, group of physiological saline. The level of endotoxin was measured by quantitative chromogenic tachypleus amebocyte lysate method before and after sealing the drugs in the root canal.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The level of endotoxin in the group of cinnamaldehyde and formaldehyde cresol formocresol decreased obviously (P < 0.05), and the difference between them was of no significance (P > 0.05), the group of physiological saline was of no significant difference (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cinnamaldehyde can decrease the level of endotoxin obviously.</p>

Histopathology research of Cinnamaldehyde as pulp-cap of pulpotomy in rats / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the stimulation of Cinnamaldehyde to the pulp tissue and the periapical tissue of rats' teeth, to provide evidence for developing Cinnamaldehyde as a pulp-cap of pulpotomy in primary teeth.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using Cinnamaldehyde as pulp-cap in pulpotomy of rats' teeth, set up Cinnamaldehyde group, formaldehyde cresol formocresol group and blank group. After different treatment according to the empirical procedure, rats were killed in the 4th week and on the 12th week. Then the experiment teeth and the periodontal tissue were made into HE slides and observed using light microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 4" week, internal absorption, external absorption, and calcification were of no significance among all the groups. Inflammation in blank group was far more severe than that in other two groups (P<0.05), while the latter two were of no significance. The 12th week, internal absorption, external absorption, and inflammation between the former two groups were of no differences, but the indexes were significantly different from them of the blank group (P<0.005). Calcify was not obvious in all the slides.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As a pulp-cap, Cinnamaldehyde stimulates the pulp tissue and the periapical tissue at a very low level. The research provides histopathology rationale for Cinnamaldehyde as pulp-cap of pulpotomy in primary teeth.</p>